Topographic survey shows the location of natural and man-made features on the earth’s surface by measuring the elevations on a specific area which are shown as contour lines on a survey map. This type of land survey is usually required by the government as well as architects and engineers to help them in the design of improvements on a specific site. However, topographic surveys are also sometimes used by environmental sectors, homeowners, and construction companies.
A topographical survey can also show the improvements over the existing natural condition of the property like its size, location, changes in elevation and height. Also called contour surveys, topographic surveys are done before a change of ownership of the property or for the preparation of improvements and/or developments by the property owner.
Topographic land survey deals more with elevation of the site than in horizontal measurements. Topographic surveyors use equipment like GPS or EDM for measuring elevations and the results are plotted on a survey map as contour lines. Advanced tools also provide digital versions of the maps besides computer software programs (such as AutoCAd, Terramodel, Microstation) that allow interactive views of the land which can be controlled to show the modifications when the planned improvements are applied. A topographic survey is important before buying property to guarantee that the features of the property are appropriate for the designed development or improvements.
The following are several reasons why a topographic survey is important:
- To make certain that any considered landscaping project will not be affecting the natural drainage of the land
- To decide on possible building sites
- To work out concerns about drainage or standing water in the property
- For any intentions of putting other drainage or grading features on the property
- As required by local zoning authorities for improvements and issuance of permits
Topographic surveys are also done for redevelopment of properties which have been used previously (such as an area where a building has been demolished, a landfill, a quarry, etc.) aside from undeveloped properties or others with existing structures already. An accurate view of how the property will be modified for the purpose it is intended can be provided to permit a more enhanced development in the future.
Topographic surveyors either work independently or employed by land surveying companies. The fees for their services differ depending on the type and complexity of the survey to be carried out. Always keep in mind to hire skilled and licensed topographic surveyors to accomplish the job quickly and accurately.
Summary:
Prior to any landscaping or construction projects, particularly on undeveloped properties, conducting a topographic survey first is vital to provide the essential details and information which can help prevent potential problems in the future. This type of survey helps locate the physical features (man-made or natural) on the property, and calculate measurements to give accurate details and vertical information concerning the comparative distances of the ground and other features identified. Topographic surveys are done for different purposes, especially to determine how the designed improvements or developments on the property might affect the landscape.